I've finally come around to a more holistic approach to chess study, openings included. This stems from developing a better understanding of the purpose I am looking to achieve with openings, namely to reach favorable (or at least equal) middlegame and endgame positions that I am comfortable playing against anyone, regardless of strength. (In contrast, some people like to try to win games in the openings, which is not my preferred style of play.) While my opening study therefore needs to incorporate the resulting middlegame characteristics and strategies, some openings can also lead straight to the endgame, so that should be an additional practical consideration as part of the opening selection and evaluation process.
Given this approach to the opening, the most natural and effective study method for me is to look at complete games with annotations that are heavy on conceptual explanations. The most useful openings book that I have ever read (and still refer to) is IM Nigel Povah's How to Play the English Opening - a 119-page book published in 1983. Somehow he succeeds in presenting the ideas of all of the major variations in the opening, provides lucid and valuable commentary on all representative games, and transmits a great deal of opening knowledge in one slim volume. It helps that the English is not full of forcing, tactical variations from early on - many of the games cited are still considered relevant to the practice of the opening today - but it is still an impressive achievement.
Close behind that book in my collection is Starting Out: The Caro-Kann by Joe Gallagher, which uses a similar method (as do others in the "Starting Out" series). The main difference for me is that I already had considerable knowledge of the Caro-Kann when I picked up the book, whereas Povah's was the first I had read on the English. The fact that I was still able to get a great deal out of Gallagher's book says a lot about the effectiveness of the complete game/conceptual explanation approach to opening study. Because I was already a practitioner of the opening, a large part of that involved validating my preferred lines and gaining better breadth and depth on my understanding of them.
Looking back on my history of openings study, it is notable how much I have retained and been able to use effectively the opening knowledge gained using the above method. In contrast, study which has involved sorting and memorizing variations without looking at many practical examples has been mostly useless in the long term. On an intuitive level, if I don't understand the moves and their consequences, why should I be playing them? This realization has been something of a breakthrough for me, as for some reason it often seems easier to closely imitate others than to rely on your own openings work.
The silliness of completely relying on others for your own opening evaluations is regularly demonstrated as everything from sub-variations to entire openings can come in and out of fashion relatively quickly, while true masters use openings as weapons regardless of the opinions of others. Magnus Carlsen pulled out the Philidor Defense in order to guarantee his recent victory in the super-strong Biel tournament, while Garry Kasparov wasn't afraid to resurrect the Evans Gambit and Scotch Game, both of which had been written off at the Grandmaster level long before.
I have to say that I enjoy what goes into becoming my own openings expert, in part because it is something of a creative process. Although I use opening books and occasionally DVDs as foundations, that is really just the start, as other possibilities are always revealed using games database and chess engine analysis, combined with one's own critical thinking. Every time I step through a portion of my own openings book in this manner, I always end up refining things, typically choosing new sub-variations after examining the computer evaluation and running through various high-level games in the database. Similarly, analyzing my own games tends to reveal new opening possibilities and improvements, for example in Annotated Game #3. I believe that further deepening this opening study process will lead to strengthening my entire game, as the middlegame and endgame possibilities unfold and are better understood.
30 July 2011
Annotated Game #3: Attack of the Clones
This tournament game from 2007 is against a Class B player (who however was significantly higher rated than myself). The remarkable thing about it (and why I selected it for study) is that it is an almost exact clone of the previous tournament game we had played against each other. It was relatively easy for me to remember the original sequence, since I'd never seen anyone else play a Stonewall-Leningrad Dutch hybrid before. My database has exactly one game that matches the position after the 6th move, from the 1959 Czechoslovak championship (Adamek-Paroulek).
The first pass at analysis was done by Fritz 10 shortly after the tournament; in the past, I've made it a practice of performing computer analysis on my games shortly after they are completed. I've found this to be good for seeing blunders and some missed alternative moves, but it hasn't done all that much in terms of improving my chess understanding and playing ability. This time around, I provide the human perspective and Houdini the computer one, with better results.
What had bothered me about this game was that Fritz had given an original evaluation of White as noticeably better at the end, so as part of my training process I wanted to take a serious look at the concluding position to see what I had missed. As it turns out, I didn't miss anything there, an assessment backed up by Houdini. My guess is that Fritz's evaluation function had liked the additional space White possessed, but failed to see that it was essentially meaningless in the context of the coming endgame.
Nevertheless, after examining the game more closely, I did find a number of earlier possible improvements for White. While I may not run across this exact opening variation again (unless I play the same opponent once more as White), I should be able to retain some of the ideas for improved play in similar situations - for example, noting how an earlier d3 is more flexible than b3 for white and how to exploit the d6 hole in the Stonewall Dutch.
At the time, I was satisfied with the result of obtaining a draw against a higher-rated player. In general and in a tournament context, that's not really a bad thing. However, the path to chess mastery does not consist of ceding whatever advantages you have over the board so you can draw, it requires being able to exploit them so you can win.
The first pass at analysis was done by Fritz 10 shortly after the tournament; in the past, I've made it a practice of performing computer analysis on my games shortly after they are completed. I've found this to be good for seeing blunders and some missed alternative moves, but it hasn't done all that much in terms of improving my chess understanding and playing ability. This time around, I provide the human perspective and Houdini the computer one, with better results.
What had bothered me about this game was that Fritz had given an original evaluation of White as noticeably better at the end, so as part of my training process I wanted to take a serious look at the concluding position to see what I had missed. As it turns out, I didn't miss anything there, an assessment backed up by Houdini. My guess is that Fritz's evaluation function had liked the additional space White possessed, but failed to see that it was essentially meaningless in the context of the coming endgame.
Nevertheless, after examining the game more closely, I did find a number of earlier possible improvements for White. While I may not run across this exact opening variation again (unless I play the same opponent once more as White), I should be able to retain some of the ideas for improved play in similar situations - for example, noting how an earlier d3 is more flexible than b3 for white and how to exploit the d6 hole in the Stonewall Dutch.
At the time, I was satisfied with the result of obtaining a draw against a higher-rated player. In general and in a tournament context, that's not really a bad thing. However, the path to chess mastery does not consist of ceding whatever advantages you have over the board so you can draw, it requires being able to exploit them so you can win.
[Event "?"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "????.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "ChessAdmin"]
[Black "Class B"]
[Result "1/2-1/2"]
[ECO "A10"]
[Annotator "ChessAdmin/Fritz/Houdini"]
[PlyCount "38"]
[EventDate "2007.??.??"]
{A10: English Opening: Unusual Replies for Black} 1. c4 f5 2. Nf3 Nf6 3. g3 e6
4. Bg2 d5 5. O-O c6 6. b3 (6. d3 {is more flexible, not committing the bishop
to develop on the queenside and keeping the potential for a plan involving a
queenside pawn advance.}) 6... g6 {A novel hybrid between the Stonewall and
Leningrad Dutch pawn structures. Never have so many dark squares been so weak.}
7. Bb2 {This seems to be the "automatic" move, but looking further shows that
a less committal developing move like Nc3 is superior, allowing the bishop to
go to a3 in one move if Bg7 is played.} ({In the game I was worried about
Black chasing the knight with d4 and then supporting a strong pawn in the
center with c5, but the following typical variation illustrates how it is in
fact better for White (credit to Houdini):} 7. Nc3 d4 8. Na4 c5 9. Ba3 Na6 10.
e3 dxe3 11. dxe3 {where White has a lead in development and Black's king is in
the center.}) 7... Bg7 8. Qc2 O-O 9. d3 {This takes away e4 from Black, a key
square for him in Stonewall Dutch-type formations.} Re8 10. Nbd2 Nbd7 11. Ne5 {
Here Houdini shows the idea of e4, either immediately or supported by Rfe1.
Perhaps objectively best, but I don't like the idea of potentially opening
lines for Black.} Qc7 {the queen would be somewhat better placed on e7, due to
the command of the a3-f8 diagonal and its ability to help rein in any White
queenside pawn advance. Qc7 also loses a tempo as the queen goes to e7 shortly
anyway.} 12. Ndf3 {one point of the Ne5 idea, to support a piece on e5 and a
space advantage.} Nxe5 13. Bxe5 Qe7 14. Qb2 {This was admittedly done
primarily with the idea of trading down into a drawn position, although I also
didn't see anything better at the time.} ({Both Fritz and Houdini came up with
the idea of maintaining a piece in the center with pawn support. Fritz
suggests d4, while Houdini prefers} 14. c5 {with a sample continuation of} Ng4
15. Bd6 Qd8 16. Rad1 {as better. Both allow White to keep a space advantage
and avoid simplifying to equality.}) 14... Nd7 15. Bxg7 Qxg7 16. Qxg7+ Kxg7 {
After the exchanges, it's now dead even.} 17. Rfe1 Nf6 18. Ne5 Nd7 19. Nxd7 ({
Fritz originally gave} 19. f4 Nxe5 20. fxe5 Rd8 $16 {but this hardly seems
like a strong advantage for White and Houdini evaluates it as equal (with the
slightest plus to White).}) 19... Bxd7 1/2-1/2
23 July 2011
A word on chess analysis and annotations
On this site, the annotated games are being done for training purposes (and perhaps a bit of entertainment if people happen to run across them). Even with just the two games looked at so far, the experience has reinforced my assessment that analyzing one's own games is definitely the best route to go in terms of learning useful, applicable lessons to improve chess performance. You always are able to relate to yourself and understand your own thinking process. You always work on a relevant opening to your own practice (even if - or especially if - the game is mostly out of your personal opening book). Specific weaknesses in tactical sight are highlighted. Knowledge or ignorance of how to play particular endgames is immediately obvious.
One of the best uses I have found for game analysis is in providing new and interesting paths to investigate. Each game you play inevitably shows off your strengths and your areas for improvement. As an example, take Annotated Game #2 and what it showed/taught me.
Because the above points are all drawn from one of my own games, I will better remember both the specific moves/positions and the general lessons on psychology. The analysis and annotation process forced me to both understand the game better and also to be able to articulate that understanding. This is essentially the same as the teaching process - if you ever want to truly master a subject, put yourself in the position of teaching it or having to explain it to an outside audience.
It's worth noting that the type of game analysis that I'm doing, geared toward improving my chess playing, is not the same as some other types that are out there. There are purist annotators who are focused on determining the perfect move in each position. Others work more and longer concrete variations in and leave off explanations in words. These approaches have their merits, but I don't find either to be optimal for my own purposes.
One of the best uses I have found for game analysis is in providing new and interesting paths to investigate. Each game you play inevitably shows off your strengths and your areas for improvement. As an example, take Annotated Game #2 and what it showed/taught me.
- The early b3 opening variation in the English/QGD setup is viable if Black uses that move-order.
- I will need to study this type of opening setup more, focusing on plans and the middlegame transition.
- Strong players (GM Ulf Andersson, GM Bent Larsen) have played it. I can study their games in my database for more insights on the middlegame positions, plans, and types of endings reached.
- Don't be emotionally attached to particular moves (or not making particular moves) - this phenomenon prevented me from playing best on move 16 and directly lead to the loss.
- Be alert to a broader range of candidate moves for both yourself and your opponent and do not focus on a single move threat only. We both for example missed the strength of how ...b5 would cut off White's use of the c4 square for his pieces.
- Do what is necessary to "reset" your thinking after a difficult sequence, so as to not ignore new threats by the opponent.
Because the above points are all drawn from one of my own games, I will better remember both the specific moves/positions and the general lessons on psychology. The analysis and annotation process forced me to both understand the game better and also to be able to articulate that understanding. This is essentially the same as the teaching process - if you ever want to truly master a subject, put yourself in the position of teaching it or having to explain it to an outside audience.
It's worth noting that the type of game analysis that I'm doing, geared toward improving my chess playing, is not the same as some other types that are out there. There are purist annotators who are focused on determining the perfect move in each position. Others work more and longer concrete variations in and leave off explanations in words. These approaches have their merits, but I don't find either to be optimal for my own purposes.
Annotated Game #2: Tournament game (English/QGD)
This tournament game was against an Expert-rated opponent, who evidently plays the Queen's Gambit Declined (QGD) against Queen Pawn openings. It's fairly common for a player opening with the English (1. c4) to have opponents use their defense against 1. d4, since most of the set-ups work reasonably well and closely enough to the original ideas; furthermore, if White plays d4 at any point early on, a transposition will occur. In this case, the move-order selected by Black allows White to take a more original approach with an early b3.
I was intentionally not playing aggressively, both because of the rating gap and because of my unfamiliarity with QGD-type positions. This is an area on which I expect to work further in my opening study and training games, due to the likelihood of running into QGD setups in the future. However, I was satisfied with my opening play until around move 12 and was objectively fine until move 16 (somewhat ironically it's a d4 pawn move that gets me in some trouble, despite my avoidance of a Queen Pawn game structure). At this point, my lack of a coherent plan shows and Black takes over the initiative. However, both of us then focused far too much on Black preparing the pawn push ...e3, which at the time seemed to be the major threat, passing over other intermediate moves and possibilities.
As often occurs in competitive games, one player (in this case me) is prone to blunder when the psychological pressure is released after working through a difficult sequence. Once I survived ...e3 my sense of danger vanished, with unfortunate consequences. A useful lesson that will remind me to re-set my thinking and check for new threats after such sequences.
My opponent was quite gracious in victory, as she also thought the game was interesting, especially the tactical ideas surrounding the ...e3 push, where even if I missed some of the possible ideas for Black (e.g. b5 which would have prevented my use of the c4 square) I was able to see most of the variations, set a trap of my own, and emerge with a difficult but not lost position.
I was intentionally not playing aggressively, both because of the rating gap and because of my unfamiliarity with QGD-type positions. This is an area on which I expect to work further in my opening study and training games, due to the likelihood of running into QGD setups in the future. However, I was satisfied with my opening play until around move 12 and was objectively fine until move 16 (somewhat ironically it's a d4 pawn move that gets me in some trouble, despite my avoidance of a Queen Pawn game structure). At this point, my lack of a coherent plan shows and Black takes over the initiative. However, both of us then focused far too much on Black preparing the pawn push ...e3, which at the time seemed to be the major threat, passing over other intermediate moves and possibilities.
As often occurs in competitive games, one player (in this case me) is prone to blunder when the psychological pressure is released after working through a difficult sequence. Once I survived ...e3 my sense of danger vanished, with unfortunate consequences. A useful lesson that will remind me to re-set my thinking and check for new threats after such sequences.
My opponent was quite gracious in victory, as she also thought the game was interesting, especially the tactical ideas surrounding the ...e3 push, where even if I missed some of the possible ideas for Black (e.g. b5 which would have prevented my use of the c4 square) I was able to see most of the variations, set a trap of my own, and emerge with a difficult but not lost position.
[Event "?"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "????.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "ChessAdmin"]
[Black "Expert"]
[Result "0-1"]
[ECO "A13"]
[Annotator "ChessAdmin/Fritz/Houdini"]
[PlyCount "58"]
[EventDate "2010.??.??"]
{A13: English Opening: 1...e6} 1. c4 e6 2. Nf3 d5 3. b3 Nf6 4. e3 {with the
idea of dominating the d4 square and freeing the light-square bishop.} b6 5.
Be2 Bb7 6. O-O Be7 7. Bb2 O-O 8. d3 {Here it seems the developing move Nc3 or
exchanging in the center with cxd5 would be better, either alllowing more
piece pressure on Black's position in the center or opening the c-file for
white's rook. However, GM Ulf Andersson played this, with the same idea of
Nbd2, with some success.} Nbd7 9. Nbd2 c5 10. Ne5 $146 {This is the point of
departure from my database. Rc1 or Qc2 are more typical, building up on the
c-file and activating the rooks.} Qc7 11. Nxd7 Nxd7 12. Nf3 {This was the
point of the Ne5 idea, to exchange a pair of minor pieces and improve the
position of the d2 knight.} ({Fritz and Houdini give} 12. cxd5 exd5 13. d4 {
as somewhat better for White. This continuation would give Black less of a
free hand in the center.}) 12... e5 13. cxd5 Bxd5 14. Rc1 Bd6 15. h3 {to avoid
the Q+B battery on the diagonal.} Qb7 16. d4 ({Here's where} 16. e4 {would
have effectively shut Black out. I was reluctant to play it, thinking it was
not in the spirit of the English opening. However, the position demands it and
it is much less complicated to calculate than the text move.}) 16... cxd4 ({
Takes with the wrong pawn. Houdini and Fritz agree that better is} 16... exd4
17. exd4 Bf4 18. Rc2 {and the White pieces are somewhat out of position. I had
missed the Bf4 idea during the game, as will be seen again shortly.}) 17. exd4
$11 e4 18. Nd2 (18. Ne5 {is better, preventing Bf4 and not being as passive. I
should not have been as afraid as I was of having a pawn on e5 following an
exchange there.}) 18... Bf4 $17 19. Rc3 {Here the rook needs to get unpinned.
I was afraid of the e3 push and moved it to c3 to help cover the square. From
Houdini's point of view, the e3 advance is not so terrible and Rc2 was better.}
Rfe8 {Still focusing on the e3 advance. Fritz and Houdini agree that b5 is
much stronger for black, although they disagree on White's continuation. In
words, the b5 pawn would prevent White from using the c4-square for either
bishop or knight maneuvers, significantly reducing his mobility.} 20. Bc4 $2 {
This was calculated with Black's e3 in mind. The engines point out that Nf6 is
now much stronger, as an exchange on d5 will bring a very strong Black knight
there, also hitting the Rc3.} ({Better is} 20. Nc4 {guarding e3 and getting
the knight into play.}) 20... e3 ({Compare with} 20... Nf6 {when no matter
what white does, b5 hurts as a follow-up.}) 21. Bxd5 Qxd5 22. Qf3 {this was
the move that I had calculated held things together, since it forces Black to
exchange queens. The d4 pawn is indirectly protected from the queen due to the
discovered attack Rc8.} Qxf3 23. Nxf3 exf2+ 24. Kxf2 Nf6 {At this point, White
has a difficult but not impossible endgame to defend, with pretty much any
move by the c3 rook being OK. However, I completely ignored the Nf6 threat to
e4.} 25. Re1 $4 Ne4+ $19 26. Rxe4 Rxe4 27. g3 Bd6 28. Rc6 Rd8 {By this point,
the game is mostly lost, given that I'm the exchange down with a bad position
to defend. However, it's not completely hopeless until I allow Bc5+ and the
Black rook to penetrate on e3.} 29. d5 Bc5+ (29... Bc5+ 30. Kf1 Re3 $19) 0-1
17 July 2011
Annotated Game #1: GM Walter Browne simul
This game was played at a simultaneous exhibition by GM Walter Browne at the 2006 National Open in Las Vegas. I was able to prepare the opening in advance to a large extent, researching in my games database what Browne had used against the Caro-Kann after determining he was most likely to open with e4. Although I went off-book at move 12, I still understood the positional ideas well enough that it wasn't a major issue. Both players miss a couple of interesting tactical points along the way, maneuvering into an even endgame with Q+B+pawns on both sides.
The original tactical analysis was by Fritz 8 some five years ago. I went through the game again from a human perspective and also had the Houdini engine check some moves, which in some cases overturned Fritz's assessments and backed up my own original thoughts.
I selected this game because it is a largely clean one and I remember my thought processes well enough, even five years later, probably due to the preparation and intensity involved. I'm a fan of Browne's games and was honored to be able to play him.
The original tactical analysis was by Fritz 8 some five years ago. I went through the game again from a human perspective and also had the Houdini engine check some moves, which in some cases overturned Fritz's assessments and backed up my own original thoughts.
I selected this game because it is a largely clean one and I remember my thought processes well enough, even five years later, probably due to the preparation and intensity involved. I'm a fan of Browne's games and was honored to be able to play him.
[Event "Simul"]
[Site "Las Vegas"]
[Date "????.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Browne, Walter"]
[Black "ChessAdmin"]
[Result "1/2-1/2"]
[ECO "B19"]
[Annotator "ChessAdmin/Fritz/Houdini"]
[PlyCount "87"]
[EventDate "2006.??.??"]
{B19: Classical Caro-Kann: 4...Bf5 main line} 1. e4 c6 2. d4 d5 3. Nc3 dxe4 4.
Nxe4 Bf5 5. Ng3 Bg6 6. h4 h6 7. Nf3 Nf6 {This sub-variation is relatively rare
in practice, with Nd7 being played most often. I evaluate it as just as sound
and less famiiliar for most White players, making it good for Black.} 8. Ne5
Bh7 9. Bc4 e6 10. Qe2 Nd5 {This last sequence is essentially forced after Ne5,
which is White's all-out attacking attempt.} 11. Bb3 Nd7 12. Bd2 Qc7 $146 ({
My personal opening book is} 12... a5 13. a4 Nxe5 14. dxe5 Qb6 15. O-O-O O-O-O
{as the a5/a4 moves give the Nd5 an outpost on b4 if needed. In general, the
idea is to exchange the e5 knight and castle queenside, with the queen
deployed to either b6 or occasionally c7, depending on white's play. In the
actual game, this is the point where I did not remember the book continuation,
although I did remember the idea behind it.}) 13. O-O Nxe5 14. dxe5 O-O-O 15.
h5 Bc5 16. Rad1 Rd7 17. Rfe1 Rhd8 18. Bc1 Qb6 {This illustrates why the normal
move earlier is Qb6 rather than Qc7, that would have saved a tempo on the
position.} 19. c3 Ne7 20. Rxd7 Rxd7 21. Bc4 Nd5 {This rook exchange sequence
gains Black the d-file and reduces the number of heavy pieces available for
White to attack with.} 22. Qf3 Qd8 {Both Fritz and Houdini at this point
prefer Qc7, which in words means the queen pressures e5 and also helps cover
the 7th rank on defense. While doubling up on the d-file looks good, the
points of potential rook invasion are at this point well covered by White.} 23.
Ne4 Bxe4 24. Qxe4 Be7 {Not the best. Houdini recommends f5 first, which would
prevent a future queen invasion on h7.} 25. g3 {Prevents any funny business
from Black on h4} Bc5 26. Kg2 Ne7 {It would be better to anticipate the
queenside pawn advance with Bb6} 27. b4 Bb6 28. a4 Rd1 29. a5 {Qe2 is
necessary to prevent the tactical shot on f2, which however...} Rxe1 ({I also
miss.} 29... Bxf2 $5 30. Kxf2 Rxc1 31. Rxc1 Qd2+ {employs a queen fork and
highlights the value of the queen on the open file.}) 30. Qxe1 $14 Bc7 31. Qe4
{This allows the black queen to penetrate, thereby fully offsetting white's
space advantage and two bishops.} Qd1 $11 32. Be3 Qxh5 33. f4 Nd5 {Houdini
says a6 would have been slightly better, although I thought getting the knight
into play was more important at the time.} 34. Bxa7 Nxc3 ({Here both Fritz and
Houdini originally thought that} 34... Qg4 {was better, as the queen stays
active near white's king with the possibility of advancing the h-pawn to
attack. However, Houdini eventually came around to my way of thinking. Both
moves are essentially equal.}) 35. Qd3 (35. Qh7 $142 $5 $16 {was Fritz's
evaluation, although I wasn't afraid of it at the time, believing my piece
activity would compensate. Houdini agrees with me.}) 35... Nd5 $11 36. b5 Qg4 {
Fritz agrees taking the pawn too early is bad.} ({Not} 36... Bxa5 37. bxc6 bxc6
38. Bxd5 exd5 39. Qa6+ Kd7 40. Qxa5 Qe2+ 41. Bf2 Qe4+ 42. Kh2 $18) 37. Bxd5
exd5 38. bxc6 Bxa5 $4 ({Unfortunately I didn't remember this and admittedly
was a bit flustered by White's apparent attack. Better is} 38... Qe6 39. cxb7+
Kxb7 40. Bd4 $14 Bxa5) 39. cxb7+ $4 ({Both Browne and I missed} 39. Qxd5 $142 {
and White wins} Qe2+ 40. Bf2 $18) 39... Kxb7 $16 40. Be3 Qd7 $11 {At this
point we have reached a dead-even endgame where neither side can hope to make
progress with good play.} 41. Qd4 Kc8 42. Qc5+ Qc7 43. Qxd5 Bb4 ({This allows
white too much space. Better was} 43... Qb7 44. Qxb7+ Kxb7) 44. f5 {After this
move, either Qc2 or Qb7 allows Black to comfortably hold. Something like Kh2
could have been tried to keep the queens on and white's space advantage.}
1/2-1/2
Reflections on Training
There is a good deal of scientific and even philosophical debate about chess training. I tend to think there is an over-emphasis on trying to find a single, objectively best path for improving chess skill. I honestly doubt such a beast exists, actually. Certain components are going to be common to any chess training program: opening study (including ideas of the opening and resulting middlegame formations); tactical themes and practice; how to strategically evaluate positions in the absence of winning tactics; and endgames (especially how to reach key endgame positions that win/draw by force).
Exactly how one goes about studying each of these areas I assess is not as important as the fact that one is, in fact, dedicated to studying them, in some type of regular and systematic fashion. Some people's minds work best with a great deal of organization and structure; others reject that in favor of more intuitive or loosely-organized arrangements. Personally, I work best somewhere in the middle. The point is, work (even if it is pleasurable work in hobby form) needs to be applied consistently over time.
From my observations, successful training occurs when a person is mentally committed to achieving a goal; understands at least in a broad sense what will be involved; and has the time and energy to maintain a regular training schedule. The first point is more or less self-explanatory. The second point is, I think, where many people can go off the track willfully or no, for example searching for "the way" to most quickly improve. And mis-assessing the third point is a major reason for people having to abandon overly ambitious training programs.
I consider all of the above to be interrelated, although it's useful to break down training components to see if one is lacking in what is necessary. Half-hearted commitment is worse than nothing, since it leads to wasted time on something you didn't really want in the first place. A willingness to study material from various sources, think critically for yourself, and have a broad mind are all key to learning effectively. Finally, we all have life constraints and trade-offs that require us to set realistic goals, if we wish to achieve them.
A word on cross-training I think is useful in this context. Similarly to what occurs with cross-training in physical pursuits, mental cross-training does appear to have positive results. My personal experience with training Taijiquan (Tai Chi Chuan), which has both mental and physical components, has given me a much better capacity to focus and have a clear mind during chess games. Independently, I've seen more than one master-level player comment on this phenomenon - Josh Waitzkin being perhaps the most famous one - so it's apparently not just me.
To sum up, I believe that whatever methods work best for an individual should be how that person pursues a training program, since it is they who will be finding the motivation, searching for substantive knowledge, and setting aside time to in fact pursue it. It is useless to follow training methods which work for others and even which may be objectively best, if they are in your case demotivating and unhelpful. I find there is a major parallel with physical training programs, in that it is much more productive in the end to do a useful physical activity that you enjoy (walking, swimming, etc.) 3-4 times a week than to randomly try workout programs and then abandon them.
Exactly how one goes about studying each of these areas I assess is not as important as the fact that one is, in fact, dedicated to studying them, in some type of regular and systematic fashion. Some people's minds work best with a great deal of organization and structure; others reject that in favor of more intuitive or loosely-organized arrangements. Personally, I work best somewhere in the middle. The point is, work (even if it is pleasurable work in hobby form) needs to be applied consistently over time.
From my observations, successful training occurs when a person is mentally committed to achieving a goal; understands at least in a broad sense what will be involved; and has the time and energy to maintain a regular training schedule. The first point is more or less self-explanatory. The second point is, I think, where many people can go off the track willfully or no, for example searching for "the way" to most quickly improve. And mis-assessing the third point is a major reason for people having to abandon overly ambitious training programs.
I consider all of the above to be interrelated, although it's useful to break down training components to see if one is lacking in what is necessary. Half-hearted commitment is worse than nothing, since it leads to wasted time on something you didn't really want in the first place. A willingness to study material from various sources, think critically for yourself, and have a broad mind are all key to learning effectively. Finally, we all have life constraints and trade-offs that require us to set realistic goals, if we wish to achieve them.
A word on cross-training I think is useful in this context. Similarly to what occurs with cross-training in physical pursuits, mental cross-training does appear to have positive results. My personal experience with training Taijiquan (Tai Chi Chuan), which has both mental and physical components, has given me a much better capacity to focus and have a clear mind during chess games. Independently, I've seen more than one master-level player comment on this phenomenon - Josh Waitzkin being perhaps the most famous one - so it's apparently not just me.
To sum up, I believe that whatever methods work best for an individual should be how that person pursues a training program, since it is they who will be finding the motivation, searching for substantive knowledge, and setting aside time to in fact pursue it. It is useless to follow training methods which work for others and even which may be objectively best, if they are in your case demotivating and unhelpful. I find there is a major parallel with physical training programs, in that it is much more productive in the end to do a useful physical activity that you enjoy (walking, swimming, etc.) 3-4 times a week than to randomly try workout programs and then abandon them.
Book in progress - Zurich International Chess Tournament, 1953
This is an uber-classic by David Bronstein, one of the tournament participants. The 1953 Candidates' tournament, one of the strongest and most important in chess history, is fully documented game-wise by the author, who presents all of the games in the book. The extent of his annotations vary with how interesting he considered the game, which I think is a pretty good way to go about things, given the huge number of games he was analyzing.
One of the especially valuable things I find about this book is the author's insights into his own thinking process and that of his fellow players. This is an element of player-annotated games that is lost in third-party analysis. Bronstein's level of analysis is also very useful for a Class player, in that he provides frequent narrative insights and only goes into specific variations where he felt it was important. Since he was not writing the book as a training tool (unlike Irving Chernev in Logical Chess: Move by Move), Bronstein is not addressing a particular audience, other than the chessplaying public.
I am currently going through the book with a portable chess set at the office during lunchtimes, which seems to be working out well. Spending around 20 minutes per game - usually I only have time to go through one game a day - allows for a useful mental break in the workday along with some productive chess study. Naturally, this means that the book isn't going to get finished very quickly, but it's serving an excellent purpose nonetheless.
I'll make additional observations once the book is completed. This is my third attempt at finishing the book, which has in the past defeated me due to its length and the time required to work through it a piece at a time. One interesting thing that's worth mentioning now is an incident which reinforces how valuable studying well-annotated games can be. One of the earlier games covered by Bronstein featured a maneuver in which white penetrated into his opponent's queenside with the move Qa7, something which Bronstein highlighted. Not a week later, I was going through a contemporary high-level international tournament game on the Chessbase news site, when what should appear but almost the same exact maneuver with Qa7. A minor but telling point about the book's enduring relevance.
One of the especially valuable things I find about this book is the author's insights into his own thinking process and that of his fellow players. This is an element of player-annotated games that is lost in third-party analysis. Bronstein's level of analysis is also very useful for a Class player, in that he provides frequent narrative insights and only goes into specific variations where he felt it was important. Since he was not writing the book as a training tool (unlike Irving Chernev in Logical Chess: Move by Move), Bronstein is not addressing a particular audience, other than the chessplaying public.
I am currently going through the book with a portable chess set at the office during lunchtimes, which seems to be working out well. Spending around 20 minutes per game - usually I only have time to go through one game a day - allows for a useful mental break in the workday along with some productive chess study. Naturally, this means that the book isn't going to get finished very quickly, but it's serving an excellent purpose nonetheless.
I'll make additional observations once the book is completed. This is my third attempt at finishing the book, which has in the past defeated me due to its length and the time required to work through it a piece at a time. One interesting thing that's worth mentioning now is an incident which reinforces how valuable studying well-annotated games can be. One of the earlier games covered by Bronstein featured a maneuver in which white penetrated into his opponent's queenside with the move Qa7, something which Bronstein highlighted. Not a week later, I was going through a contemporary high-level international tournament game on the Chessbase news site, when what should appear but almost the same exact maneuver with Qa7. A minor but telling point about the book's enduring relevance.
Book completed - Logical Chess: Move by Move
Today I finished Logical Chess: Move by Move by Irving Chernev (Batsford's new algebraic edition from 2002). This is a classic work, originally published in 1957. I read it through without use of a chessboard, relying on the frequent diagrams to aid visualization of the moves and analysis variations. For more heavy-duty books, this method would not be as productive, but for this one I could handle most of the commentary with the diagrams as reference points. Occasionally I was a bit lazy and didn't work through everything in my head, but I'm generally satisfied with the result.
While you can read a master-level review of the book at the above link, here are my own observations:
While you can read a master-level review of the book at the above link, here are my own observations:
- Formatting: frequent use of diagrams and clear explanatory text allowed for an enjoyable read-through without a chessboard (although requiring some concentration at times).
- Openings: the greatest utility of the book is not as an openings manual, although you will learn something concrete about the opening ideas in each game. Opening popularity is subject to fashion and I increasingly find it useful when looking at annotated games to not limit myself to those that feature openings that I currently use. For example, Randy Bauer's linked review (from 2003) noted that a plurality of the games featured the Queen's Gambit Declined, which at the time was out of fashion. Now (2011), the QGD is appearing all the time in top-level games.
- Middlegame: the book really shines here, looking thematically at different types of middlegames. For example, the first section is all about the kingside attack and similar attacking themes appear and are reinforced across the different games. The last section, featuring higher-quality classic master games, is also quite valuable in showing how small errors and advantages can be exploited.
- Endgame: mostly in the last section (games rarely reached the endgame in the first section) this is also a valuable resource on endings. I found a couple of games to be particularly instructive, although this is not an endgame manual.
- Typos: I found two move typos, which isn't too bad for a book of this length. All the diagrams were correct. While minor, the errors do help point up the fact that all chess books should be read in a critical way for understanding, rather than blindly following the text.
A word on titles and such
Before creating this blog, I searched on "Path to Chess Mastery" in order to make sure that no one else had already claimed the title. Not unexpectedly, there were two similarly-titled blogs that popped up - "The Path to Chess Mastery" by stringplayer 92 and "chess mastery" by Sentinel. The first one consists of one post from April 2009, while the second one stopped publishing in May 2010.
Given the fact that this blog's title is at least slightly different and that the other two blogs have gone dark, I feel comfortable in keeping it. However, I believe it's worth giving the others their due mention, especially in case someone is looking for them and stumbles across this site instead.
Seeing the abandoned blogs was also something of a cautionary tale, since both the authors apparently had the intention of keeping them up as a training tool, as well.
Given the fact that this blog's title is at least slightly different and that the other two blogs have gone dark, I feel comfortable in keeping it. However, I believe it's worth giving the others their due mention, especially in case someone is looking for them and stumbles across this site instead.
Seeing the abandoned blogs was also something of a cautionary tale, since both the authors apparently had the intention of keeping them up as a training tool, as well.
Setting the Scene
This blog will be employed primarily as a training tool. The main feature will be a weekly update including a fully annotated game, drawn from either my training or tournament games. One of the consistent themes emphasized by chess trainers is that players' own games are the best fodder for improvement. Once analyzed, they provide personal insight into chess strengths, weaknesses and mindset, as well as universal chess truths.
As a Class B player who has the objective of eventually reaching Master strength, this weekly process of playing and analyzing games will help give my training program focus and structure, without being too onerous. The fact that this blog is public also provides some additional psychological motivation for maintaining a consistent pace with my training and scheduled updates. That said, I don't intend to worry about strictly enforcing self-imposed deadlines or the like, a practice which tends to add unwanted pressure to what should be a labor of love.
Another reason that this blog is public is because it might provide some utility (or at the very least some brief entertainment and amusement) for other players. It is in fact partially inspired by other chess blogs (such as Robert Pearson's) that provide annotated/narrated games written from the point of view of the author, but also with a sense of objectivity. No guarantee is provided, however, that any commentary made here will in fact be useful to you.
Onwards!
As a Class B player who has the objective of eventually reaching Master strength, this weekly process of playing and analyzing games will help give my training program focus and structure, without being too onerous. The fact that this blog is public also provides some additional psychological motivation for maintaining a consistent pace with my training and scheduled updates. That said, I don't intend to worry about strictly enforcing self-imposed deadlines or the like, a practice which tends to add unwanted pressure to what should be a labor of love.
Another reason that this blog is public is because it might provide some utility (or at the very least some brief entertainment and amusement) for other players. It is in fact partially inspired by other chess blogs (such as Robert Pearson's) that provide annotated/narrated games written from the point of view of the author, but also with a sense of objectivity. No guarantee is provided, however, that any commentary made here will in fact be useful to you.
Onwards!
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